✨ 语义深度解析
abandon
高考核心词 作文加分词 难度 3/5 ⏱ 4 分钟
核心
彻底撒手,连责任一起扔掉
释义
1
v.放弃(计划/项目)
They had to abandon the rescue mission due to the storm.
由于暴风雪,他们不得不放弃救援任务。
2
v.抛弃(人/地方)
The puppy was abandoned by its owner on the roadside.
那只小狗被主人遗弃在路边。
3
n.放纵;尽情(不受约束的状态)
She laughed and danced with complete abandon.
毫无拘束地大笑、跳舞。
语感
give up 是停手,abandon 是切断责任关系
放弃抛弃遗弃放纵(名词)
陷阱
⚠️abandon 带道德含义
He abandoned the bad habit of staying up late.
他戒掉了熬夜的坏习惯。
abandon 暗示彻底切断责任,用于改掉个人习惯时语气过重、语感怪异
He gave up the bad habit of staying up late.
他戒掉了熬夜的坏习惯。
⚠️abandon oneself to 误读
She abandoned herself to grief after the loss.
她失去后抛弃了自己
她完全沉浸在悲痛中,任由悲痛淹没自己
失去后,她沉溺于悲痛,无法自拔。
近义辨析
abandon vs desert
abandon 泛指放弃/抛弃,含道德判断 desert 强调「抛弃有需要的人」,道德谴责更强烈
They abandoned the old factory after the flood.
洪水过后,他们废弃了那座老工厂。
He deserted his post during the battle.
他在战斗中擅离了职守。
abandon vs give up
abandon 正式书面,含「切断责任」之义 give up 口语常用,侧重「停止努力」,无责任含义
He abandoned his family to pursue fame.
他为了名利抛弃了家人(含道德谴责)。
He gave up his music career.
放弃了音乐事业。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:give upquit
议论文结论句社会问题话题描述历史事件
普通
Many young people give up their traditional values.
许多年轻人放弃了传统价值观。
加分 ✨
Many young people have abandoned their traditional values.
许多年轻人已抛弃了传统价值观。
常用搭配
abandon a plan / project放弃计划/项目
abandon hope放弃希望
abandon oneself to沉溺于;放任自己
with abandon尽情地;毫无拘束地
abandon ship弃船(比喻放弃沉没的事业)
词根
abandon 源自古法语「置于他人权力之下」——把控制权彻底交出去
考考你
Q1义项辨析
下面哪个句子里 abandon 的用法和其他三个最不同?
A
They abandoned the sinking ship.
B
The city abandoned plans to build the highway.
C
She sang with complete abandon.
D
The building was abandoned after the earthquake.
A/B/D 中 abandon 均为动词「放弃/废弃」;C 中是名词「放纵、尽情」,词性和意义截然不同。
Q2对错判断
判断下面句子里 abandon 的用法是否正确:
He abandoned eating fast food to stay healthy.
✓ 正确版本
He gave up eating fast food to stay healthy.
为了保持健康,他戒掉了吃快餐。
abandon 含「切断责任/完全脱离」的意味,用于戒掉个人饮食习惯时语感失当;give up 更自然。
Q3翻译应用
用 abandon 翻译下面句子(可参考 writing_upgrade 字段的搭配):
面对重重困难,他们没有放弃这一计划。
Faced with numerous difficulties, they did not abandon the plan.
关键搭配:abandon the plan
此处强调「不撤出、彻底放弃」,abandon 比 give up 更书面,适合高考书面表达。
接着学
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