✨ 语义深度解析
absence
高考核心词 作文加分词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
某人或某物不在——可以是人缺席,也可以是某特征根本不存在
释义
1
n.缺席,不在
Her absence from the board meeting raised concerns about her commitment to the project.
她未出席董事会会议,引发了对她是否致力于该项目的担忧。
2
n.缺乏,不存在(the absence of)
The absence of reliable data makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the policy's effectiveness.
缺乏可靠数据使得很难就该政策的有效性得出确定结论。
语感
absence = 不在那里——人的缺席,或某特质/证据的不存在
缺席不在缺乏不存在
陷阱
⚠️absence of vs. lack of:状态描述 vs. 通用缺乏
The project failed largely due to a lack of funding and poor coordination between departments.
a lack of = an absence of(缺乏,可以互换)
a lack of(缺乏,最通用,强调「不足够」,可用于抽象/具体);an absence of(缺乏,更正式书面,强调「某物根本不存在」,或正式文件语境:in the absence of);此句是日常项目失败原因,用 lack of 更自然
该项目失败主要由于缺乏资金和各部门之间协调不力。(a lack of = 通用缺乏,比 absence of 更口语)
⚠️in the absence of(固定短语,不说 in absence of)
In absence of a formal agreement, both parties must rely on established industry norms to resolve disputes.
在缺乏正式协议的情况下,双方必须依靠行业惯例来解决争议。(in absence of 错误,应为 in the absence of)
in the absence of(在缺乏…的情况下)固定短语,需要定冠词 the;不可省略
In the absence of a formal agreement, both parties must rely on established industry norms to resolve disputes.
在缺乏正式协议的情况下,双方必须依靠行业惯例来解决争议。
近义辨析
absence vs lack
absence 缺乏,不存在(书面正式,常用于「某物本来应在却不在」的状态) lack 缺乏(最通用,强调「不足」,可名词也可动词:lack confidence = 缺乏信心)
The absence of meaningful dialogue between the two governments has allowed tensions to escalate unchecked.
两国政府之间缺乏有意义对话的状态,使得紧张局势不受制约地升级。
Many students struggle academically not because of low intelligence but due to a lack of effective study strategies.
许多学生学习困难,并非因为智力低下,而是由于缺乏有效的学习策略。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:nothere is nowithout
政策分析议论文学术论证话题社会问题话题
普通
Without clear rules, companies will not act responsibly.
没有明确的规则,企业将不会负责任地行事。
加分 ✨
In the absence of clear regulatory frameworks, corporations are unlikely to prioritise environmental responsibility over short-term profit.
在缺乏明确监管框架的情况下,企业不太可能将环境责任置于短期利润之上。
常用搭配
in the absence of在缺乏…的情况下(书面正式,有定冠词)
absence from从…缺席(absence from school = 缺课)
the absence of evidence证据的缺失
in sb.'s absence在某人缺席时
leave of absence请假,休假(正式用语)
词根
absence = ab(离开)+ sence(存在)→ 离开了存在 = 缺席,缺乏
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确:
In absence of sufficient evidence, the judge instructed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty.
✓ 正确版本
In the absence of sufficient evidence, the judge instructed the jury to return a verdict of not guilty.
在缺乏充分证据的情况下,法官指示陪审团作出无罪裁决。
in the absence of(在缺乏…情况下)固定短语需要定冠词 the;in absence of 缺少 the,错误
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
The programme struggled to attract participants due to a ___ of effective outreach and poor communication about the benefits on offer.
Aabsence
Black
✓ 该项目难以吸引参与者,原因是缺乏有效的外展活动,以及对所提供福利的沟通不佳。
此句是日常描述项目困难,强调两个具体不足(outreach和communication),用 lack of(通用,口语自然);absence of 更正式,偏向「某物本来应在却根本不存在」
Q3翻译应用
用 absence 翻译下面句子(可参考 writing_upgrade 字段的搭配):
在缺乏国际合作的情况下,任何单一国家都无法有效应对气候变化这一全球性挑战。
In the absence of international cooperation, no single nation can effectively address the global challenge of climate change.
关键搭配:in the absence of international cooperation
in the absence of international cooperation(在缺乏国际合作的情况下)是议论文全球合作话题的核心书面表达
接着学
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