abstract
抽象的(概念层面的,与 concrete 相对,与具体感官体验无关)
theoretical
理论的(基于理论框架而非实际经验,偏向「学术/假设层面」)
While concepts like democracy and justice are often treated as abstract ideals, their real-world application is always complex and contested.
虽然民主和正义等概念常被视为抽象的理想,但它们在现实世界中的应用始终复杂且存在争议。
The course covers both theoretical frameworks and practical case studies to give students a balanced understanding of the subject.
该课程涵盖理论框架和实践案例研究,使学生对该学科有均衡的理解。