✨ 语义深度解析
abuse
高考核心词 作文加分词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
把权力或信任用错了地方——滥用,或对人造成伤害
释义
1
n./v.虐待,伤害(身体/情感)
The report documented widespread abuse of children in institutional care settings over several decades.
该报告记录了数十年来机构照护环境中对儿童的普遍虐待
2
n./v.滥用(权力、物质等)
The committee was established specifically to investigate allegations of abuse of power by senior officials.
该委员会专门成立,调查高级官员滥用权力的指控。
3
n.辱骂,言语攻击
Online platforms must do more to combat the abuse that targets women and minority groups.
网络平台必须采取更多措施打击针对女性和少数群体的辱骂行为。
语感
abuse = 越了界的使用——权力越界叫滥用,对人越界叫虐待
虐待滥用辱骂(名词)
陷阱
⚠️abuse vs. misuse:跨越界限 vs. 使用不当
The investigation found that several employees had misused company resources for personal projects without authorisation.
misuse = abuse(使用不当,可以互换)
misuse(误用,使用方式不当,不一定跨越道德界限——用公司资源做私事是不当使用);abuse(滥用,更强调「越界」,通常含有伤害性或道德问题);此句是「擅自使用公司资源做私事」,程度较轻,用 misuse 准确
调查发现,几名员工未经授权,将公司资源误用于个人项目。(misuse = 使用方式不当,比 abuse 的「越界」程度更轻)
⚠️abusive(形容词)vs. abuse(名词)
The teacher's abuse behaviour towards students created a hostile and unsafe learning environment.
这位教师对学生的虐待性行为营造了一个充满敌意和不安全的学习环境。(abuse behaviour 错误,应为 abusive behaviour)
修饰名词需用形容词 abusive(有虐待性的),不用名词 abuse;abuse behaviour 错误,应为 abusive behaviour
The teacher's abusive behaviour towards students created a hostile and unsafe learning environment.
这位教师对学生的虐待性行为营造了一个充满敌意和不安全的学习环境。
近义辨析
abuse vs exploit
abuse 滥用(越过正当使用界限,可指权力或人身伤害) exploit 剥削,利用(从他人处获取不当利益,强调「从弱势一方汲取价值」)
The parliamentary report revealed systematic abuse of financial regulations by senior executives over a period of five years.
议会报告揭示了高级管理人员在五年间系统性地滥用金融法规的行为。
Some corporations were found to exploit migrant workers by paying below the minimum wage and denying them basic legal protections.
一些企业被发现通过支付低于最低工资和拒绝基本法律保护来剥削移民工人。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:bad use ofhurtmisuse
社会正义议论文权力监督话题网络安全话题
普通
People in power sometimes use their power in bad ways.
掌权者有时以不良方式使用权力。
加分 ✨
Robust accountability mechanisms are necessary to prevent the abuse of power by public officials and ensure that authority is exercised in the public interest.
强有力的问责机制对于防止公职人员滥用权力,确保权威在公共利益框架内行使,是必要的。
常用搭配
abuse of power / authority滥用权力 / 职权
child / domestic abuse儿童虐待 / 家庭暴力
drug / alcohol / substance abuse药物 / 酒精 / 物质滥用
verbal / physical abuse言语 / 身体虐待
abusive behaviour / relationship虐待性行为 / 关系(形容词形式)
词根
abuse = ab(错误地)+ use(使用)→ 错误地使用,越过界限 = 滥用,虐待
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确:
The charity provides confidential support for individuals who have experienced abuse behaviour in their personal relationships.
✓ 正确版本
The charity provides confidential support for individuals who have experienced abusive behaviour in their personal relationships.
该慈善机构为在个人关系中经历过虐待性行为的个人提供保密支持。
修饰名词 behaviour 需用形容词 abusive;abuse 是名词/动词,不能直接作形容词修饰名词;abuse behaviour 错误,应改为 abusive behaviour
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
Critics argue that certain digital platforms ___ their users' data by selling it to advertisers without obtaining proper informed consent.
Aabuse
Bexploit
✓ 批评者认为,某些数字平台在未获得适当知情同意的情况下将用户数据出售给广告商,是在剥削用户数据。
此处是「从用户数据中不当获取商业利益」,强调「从弱势方(用户)汲取价值」,用 exploit;abuse 更强调「越界伤害」,而非「汲取利益」
Q3翻译应用
用 abuse 翻译下面句子(可参考 writing_upgrade 字段的搭配):
网络上针对少数群体的言语虐待现象仍然普遍,亟需平台制定并执行更严格的内容管理政策。
Verbal abuse targeting minority groups remains widespread online, highlighting the urgent need for platforms to develop and enforce stricter content moderation policies.
关键搭配:verbal abuse targeting minority groups
verbal abuse(言语虐待)是议论文网络安全话题的核心书面表达,highlighting the urgent need 引出政策建议
接着学
点击进入该词的深度解析