✨ 语义深度解析
acid
高考核心词 难度 1/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
酸——化学上腐蚀的酸,味觉上的酸,语气上的「刻薄」
释义
1
n.酸,酸性物质(化学)
The laboratory stored several types of acid in clearly labelled containers.
实验室将几种储存在标注清晰的容器中。
2
adj.酸的(味道);酸性的
The unripe fruit had a sharp, acid taste that made her eyes water.
未成熟的水果有一种尖锐的味,让她眼睛都酸了。
3
adj.刻薄的,讽刺的(语气)
Her acid remarks about his proposal left the entire team feeling uncomfortable.
她对他提案的刻薄评论让整个团队都感到不舒服。
语感
acid = 腐蚀性的——化学上腐蚀物质,语气上腐蚀关系
酸(名词)酸的(形容词)刻薄的,讽刺的
陷阱
⚠️acid vs. acidic:固定搭配 vs. 化学描述
Scientists warned that acidic rainfall was damaging the ancient stonework of the cathedral.
acidic = acid(两者可以互换,都是「酸性的」)
acidic(形容词,描述化学酸性性质:acidic rainfall = 酸性降雨,强调化学成分);acid(形容词,用于固定搭配:acid rain = 酸雨,是固定词组;acid test/remarks);日常描述化学性质用 acidic,固定词组用 acid
科学家警告说,酸性降雨正在损害大教堂的古老石雕。(acidic = 描述化学性质;acid rain 是固定词组,不说 acidic rain)
⚠️acid(刻薄义)修饰语气/评论
He made some very acid jokes about the situation, which nobody found funny.
他对这种情况说了一些非常刻薄的笑话,没有人觉得好笑。(acid jokes 勉强可用,但 cutting jokes 更自然)
acid 修饰语气时通常搭配 remarks / comments / tone / wit,修饰 jokes 不如 cutting/sharp 自然;但 acid wit 是固定搭配
His acid wit and sharp tongue made him both feared and respected in the newsroom.
刻薄的机智和犀利的言辞让他在编辑室里既令人畏惧又受人尊重。
近义辨析
acid vs caustic
acid 刻薄的(acid remarks = 带腐蚀性的讽刺,语气尖锐) caustic 尖刻的,腐蚀性的(caustic = 更强烈的刻薄,有「灼伤」感,书面正式)
Her acid response to the suggestion made it clear she had no interest in compromise.
她对这一建议的刻薄回应清楚表明她对妥协毫无兴趣。
The critic's caustic review destroyed the playwright's confidence before the show even opened.
评论家尖刻的评论在演出开幕前就摧毁了剧作家的信心。
写作加分
此词暂无特别的写作加分用法
常用搭配
acid rain酸雨(固定词组)
acid test严峻考验(固定词组,来自验金术语)
acid remarks / comments刻薄的评论
acid wit刻薄的机智,讽刺的幽默
acidic soil / solution酸性土壤 / 溶液(形容词 acidic 用于化学描述)
词根
acid = 「酸」的核心是「腐蚀性」——酸液腐蚀金属,acid remarks 腐蚀人际关系
考考你
Q1义项辨析
下面四个句子中,acid 的含义与其他三个最不同的是:
A
The chemist carefully handled the acid using protective gloves.
B
Sulfuric acid is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals.
C
Her acid tongue had made her few friends over the years.
D
The acid spilled from the container and burned a hole in the lab bench.
C 中 acid tongue = 刻薄的言辞(比喻义,义项三);A、B、D 中 acid = 化学物质「酸」(义项一)
Q2搭配还原
选择正确的词,补全固定搭配:
The election will be the real ___ test of whether the new policy has public support.
选举将是检验新政策是否获得公众支持的真正严峻考验。
Aacid
Bacidic
Csharp
Dbitter
完整搭配:acid test 严峻考验
acid test(严峻考验)是固定词组,来自用酸检验黄金真伪;acidic test 不是固定搭配;sharp/bitter 均无此用法
Q3对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确:
The environmental agency reported that acid rain had significantly reduced the pH levels of several mountain lakes.
acid rain(酸雨)是固定词组,用 acid 而非 acidic;此句用法正确
接着学
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