✨ 语义深度解析 ⋮
against
高考核心词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
朝着某物施压，或与之相对——反对、抵触、对抗、依靠
释义
1
prep.反对（立场）
The majority of respondents voted against the proposed changes to the city's development plan.
大多数受访者投票反对拟议中的城市发展计划变更。
2
prep.违反，与…相抵触
Discriminating against employees based on age or gender is against the law in most countries.
基于年龄或性别歧视员工在大多数国家是违法的。
3
prep.对抗，抵御（困难/疾病/风险）
The vaccine provides strong protection against several strains of the influenza virus.
该疫苗对多种流感病毒株提供强效防护。
4
prep.依靠，贴着（物理接触）
She leaned against the wall, exhausted after the long journey.
她靠着墙，在长途旅行后精疲力竭。
语感
against = 两者相对或接触——反对、违反、对抗、依靠，都是「朝着它」
反对违反，与…抵触对抗，抵御依靠，贴着
陷阱
⚠️against the law vs. violate the law：两种表达方式
Disposing of industrial waste in rivers is against the law and carries heavy financial penalties.
✗
against the law = 字面意思「对着法律」，这个表达不正规，应该用 violate/break the law
✓
against the law（违法）是完全正式的书面表达，等同于 illegal / contrary to the law；violate/break the law 也正确，但 against the law 更简洁，在议论文中常用；两种表达均可，理解两者都是「违法」
将工业废物排入河流是违法的，并会承担高额经济处罚。（against the law = 违法，与 illegal / violate the law 等义）
⚠️against 的「依靠」义不要漏掉
✗
The tired hikers opposed the tree and rested for a while before continuing.
疲惫的徒步者靠着树休息了一会儿再继续前行。（opposed 是「反对」，无法表示物理依靠；应用 leaned against）
此处是物理上「靠着树」，应用 leaned against（依靠义）；opposed 表「反对」，不能表示物理依靠
✓
The tired hikers leaned against the tree and rested for a while before continuing.
疲惫的徒步者靠着树休息了一会儿再继续前行。
近义辨析
against vs oppose
against be against（反对，口语和书面均可） oppose oppose（反对，书面正式，及物动词：oppose a policy = 反对某政策）
A significant proportion of the public is against raising the retirement age.
相当大比例的公众反对提高退休年龄。
Several environmental groups have publicly opposed the construction of the new motorway through the protected woodland.
几个环保团体已公开反对通过受保护林地建设新高速公路。
写作加分
此词暂无特别的写作加分用法
常用搭配
against the law / rules违法 / 违规
be against sth.反对某事（表语）
fight / protest against对抗 / 抗议
protect / guard against防御，保护免受
lean / rest against靠着，依靠（物理）
词根
against = 「朝着、顶着」某物——反对是顶着对方，靠墙是贴着墙，防御是抵挡
考考你
Q1义项辨析
下面四个句子中，against 的含义与其他三个最不同的是：
A
The new legislation is clearly against the principles of free speech.
B
Three members of the committee voted against the proposal.
C
She rested her head against his shoulder during the long train journey.
D
Residents in the area have staged protests against the planned industrial development.
C 中 against = 依靠，贴着（物理接触义）；A、B、D 中 against = 反对/违背（立场/对抗义）
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空：
The trade union formally ___ the proposed changes to workers' pension rights, citing breach of existing agreements.
Awas against
Bopposed
✓ 工会正式反对拟议中对工人养老金权益的变更，理由是违反现有协议。
此句用 formally（正式地），且需要及物动词直接接宾语，oppose（及物动词，正式书面）更符合语境；was against 是口语化的形容词短语，正式程度不如 opposed
Q3搭配还原
选择正确的搭配，完成句子：
Regular handwashing is one of the most effective measures to protect ___ the spread of infectious diseases.
定期洗手是防止传染病传播的最有效措施之一。
Aagainst
Bfrom
Cabout
Dfor
完整搭配：protect against　防御，保护免受
protect against（防御/保护免受）是固定搭配；protect from 也可用，但 protect against（抵御某威胁）在描述疾病/风险时更地道
接着学
点击进入该词的深度解析
opposition近义反对（名词），meet with strong opposition = 遭到强烈反对，与 be against 语义场相同
contrary to近义与…相反（contrary to expectations = 与预期相反，与 against 的「抵触」义相近）
in favour of反义支持，赞成（与 against 的「反对」义直接相对）
resistant to近义抵制，抗（resistant to change = 抗拒变化，与 against 的「对抗」义相近）