✨ 语义深度解析
ancient
高考核心词 作文加分词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
古代的——存在于遥远过去(通常指古典文明时代)
释义
1
adj.古代的,古老的(遥远历史)
Ancient civilisations such as those in Mesopotamia and the Nile Valley developed sophisticated systems of writing, agriculture, and governance thousands of years ago.
古代文明,如美索不达米亚和尼罗河流域的文明,在数千年前就发展出了复杂的书写、农业和治理体系。
2
adj.(非正式)极老旧的(口语戏谑)
"This laptop is absolutely ancient," she complained. "It takes ten minutes just to start up."
「这台笔记本电脑太老旧了,」她抱怨道,「光是启动就要花十分钟。」
语感
ancient = 时间极其久远(古典文明);historic = 有重大历史意义;historical = 与历史相关——三词不同
古代的,古老的(历史)极老旧的(口语)
陷阱
⚠️historic vs. historical vs. ancient:三词区别
The discovery of ancient manuscripts in the monastery's basement proved to be a historic moment for literary scholars worldwide.
historic = ancient(历史的,古老的,三词意思一样可以互换)
ancient manuscripts(古代手稿,时间久远);a historic moment(具有历史意义的时刻,当下发生但意义重大);historical research(历史研究,描述性)——三词不可互换:× ancient moment(时刻不能是「古代的」);× historical moment(发现本身,不是历史文献);✓ historic moment(意义重大的时刻)
在修道院地下室发现古代手稿,对全世界的文学学者来说是一个历史性的时刻。(ancient = 时间久远;historic = 有历史意义)
⚠️ancient 修饰具体历史时期名词(不接 time)
In ancient times, Chinese scholars had to memorise thousands of classical texts as part of their preparation for imperial examinations.
古代,中国学者必须背诵数千篇古典文章,作为科举考试准备的一部分。(in ancient times = 固定表达,需复数)
实际上 in ancient times 是正确的固定表达(× 这个例子本身是正确的,需要换一个真正的错误);真正的错误是 in ancient time(单数,无 s)→ ✓ in ancient times(固定复数)
In ancient times, Chinese scholars had to memorise thousands of classical texts as part of their preparation for imperial examinations.
古代,中国学者必须背诵数千篇古典文章,作为科举考试准备的一部分。
近义辨析
ancient vs archaic
ancient ancient(古代的,描述时间久远的文明/事物,较中性) archaic archaic(古老的,过时的,带有「不再适用」的含义:archaic laws = 过时的法律;archaic language = 古旧的语言,含贬义色彩)
The museum's collection of ancient artefacts spans five thousand years of human history.
博物馆收藏的古代文物横跨五千年的人类历史。
Critics argued that the archaic regulations were designed for a manufacturing economy and were wholly unsuited to the digital age.
批评人士认为,这些过时的法规是为制造业经济设计的,完全不适合数字时代。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:oldfrom long agotraditional
文化传承话题历史比较话题中国文化话题
普通
Traditional Chinese culture has a very long history.
中国传统文化有着非常悠久的历史。
加分 ✨
Ancient Chinese civilisation, spanning over five thousand years, has bequeathed to the world enduring contributions in philosophy, science, art, and governance.
古代中国文明绵延五千余年,在哲学、科学、艺术和治理方面向世界留下了持久的贡献。
常用搭配
ancient history / civilisation古代史 / 古代文明
ancient Greece / Rome / Egypt / China古希腊 / 古罗马 / 古埃及 / 古代中国
ancient ruins / monument古代遗迹 / 纪念碑
ancient wisdom / tradition古老智慧 / 传统
in ancient times在古代(固定表达,times 复数)
词根
ancient = ante(在前,古代)+ ient → 来自遥远从前;ancient vs. historic(古老 vs. 重要)vs. historical(与历史相关)
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确:
The signing of the peace treaty was described by world leaders as a historical moment that could reshape international relations for generations.
✓ 正确版本
The signing of the peace treaty was described by world leaders as a historic moment that could reshape international relations for generations.
世界领导人将和平条约的签署描述为一个可以重塑几代人国际关系的历史性时刻。
historic(有重要历史意义的,描述具有里程碑意义的当下事件);historical(与历史相关的,描述性的,如历史文献/研究);描述「意义重大的时刻」用 historic;× historical moment → ✓ historic moment
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
Legal experts have called for a comprehensive review of the country's ___ defamation laws, arguing that they are incompatible with modern standards of free expression.
Aancient
Barchaic
✓ 法律专家呼吁对该国过时的诽谤法进行全面审查,认为它们与现代言论自由标准不相容。
archaic(过时的,含「已不再适用/过时」的批评义);ancient(古代的,中性,描述时间久远);此句的语境是批评法律「不合时宜」,用 archaic 含批评色彩更准确
Q3搭配还原
选择正确的搭配,完成句子:
In ___ times, trade along the Silk Road connected civilisations from China to Rome, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and culture.
在古代,丝绸之路的贸易连接了从中国到罗马的文明,促进了货物、思想和文化的交流。
Aancient
Bhistoric
Cold
Dhistorical
完整搭配:in ancient times 在古代(固定表达)
in ancient times(在古代)是固定表达;historic(有重要历史意义的)不修饰 times;old times(旧时代,口语)语域不符;historical times(有关历史的时代)不自然
接着学
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