✨ 语义深度解析
awful
高考核心词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
极其糟糕——「令人敬畏」的古义已死
释义
1
adj.极其糟糕的;可怕的(现代用法)
The weather during our holiday was absolutely awful.
我们度假期间天气糟糕透了
2
adv.非常;极其(用于加强语气,口语)
I'm awfully sorry for the inconvenience.
给您带来不便,非常抱歉。
语感
awful = 极其糟糕,awesome = 极其棒,两词同根但含义完全分叉
极其糟糕的可怕的非常(副词awfully)
陷阱
⚠️awful 的词源陷阱
The scenery was awful—breathtakingly beautiful.
景色极其糟糕……(现代解读)
这是引用了古义(令人敬畏的),在现代写作中几乎不这样用
景色令人敬畏(古义,现代几乎不用此义)。
⚠️awfully 的副词用法
She sang awfully—everyone loved her performance.
她唱得非常好,大家都喜欢她的表演。
awfully 在加强语气副词用法(awfully good/sorry)和「唱得很差」的字面义之间存在歧义,文中语境矛盾
She sang incredibly well—everyone loved her performance.
她唱得极为出色,大家都喜欢她的表演。
近义辨析
awful vs terrible
awful 通用「极其糟糕」,最口语常用 terrible 引发恐惧/极为糟糕,可用于人的感受和客观情况
The food at that restaurant was awful.
那家餐厅的食物糟糕透顶
She felt terrible about missing her friend's wedding.
错过朋友的婚礼让她感到极为难受
awful vs dreadful
awful 口语,极其糟糕 dreadful 书面语,令人恐惧/极其糟糕,比 awful 更正式
The noise from the construction site was awful.
建筑工地的噪音实在太难忍
The report painted a dreadful picture of the city's housing crisis.
报告描绘了该城市住房危机的可怕景象。
写作加分
此词暂无特别的写作加分用法
常用搭配
awful weather / smell糟糕的天气/难闻的气味
feel awful感觉很糟糕(身体或内疚)
look awful看起来很糟糕(健康状态差)
awfully sorry非常抱歉(副词加强语气)
an awful lot of非常多的(口语量词)
词根
awfulawesome 同根(awe 敬畏),但一个变「极坏」,一个保留「极好」——含义完全分裂
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里 awful 的用法是否正确:
The sunset was awful—we couldn't take our eyes off it.
✓ 正确版本
The sunset was breathtaking—we couldn't take our eyes off it.
日落景色令人叹为观止——我们无法将视线移开。
awful 在现代英语中只有「极其糟糕」的含义,其「令人敬畏/极好」的古义已不适用。描述令人叹服的美景用 breathtaking / stunning / magnificent。
Q2义项辨析
下面哪个句子里 awful / awfully 的用法和其他三个最不同?
A
The exam results were awful—half the class failed.
B
I'm awfully sorry to hear about your loss.
C
The film had an awful storyline and poor acting.
D
The smell coming from the kitchen was awful.
A/C/D 中 awful 都是形容词「极其糟糕」;B 中 awfully 是副词,意为「非常、极其」(加强 sorry 的程度),不表示「糟糕地」,义项不同。
Q3语境还原
选择最适合填入空格的词:
The conditions in the refugee camp were ___—overcrowded, with limited clean water and almost no medical facilities.
Aawful
Bawesome
Cdreadful
Dwonderful
✓ 难民营的条件极其恶劣——拥挤不堪,清洁水源有限,几乎没有医疗设施。
描述难民营的人道主义危机用 dreadful(书面,令人恐惧的严峻状况)比 awful 更正式;B/D 与语境完全相反;awful 也可以,但 dreadful 在书面语境下更有分量。
接着学
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