blame 核心是「把过错归咎于某人/某事」。动词：blame sb./sth. for sth.（因某事而责怪某人：blame the government for the crisis = 将危机归咎于政府）；blame sth. on sb.（将某事归咎于某人：blame the failure on bad weather = 将失败归咎于恶劣天气）。名词（不可数）：take/accept the blame（承担责任）；shift the blame（推卸责任）；bear the blame（承担过失）；be to blame (for)（应负责任：who is to blame? = 谁应该负责？）。关键注意：blame for（因…责怪某人）vs. blame on（把…归咎于）——结构不同，含义相同。
释义
1
v.责怪，归咎于（blame sb. for / blame sth. on）
The inquiry found that both the manufacturer and the regulator were blamed for failing to act on early safety warnings.
调查发现，制造商和监管机构都因未能对早期安全警告采取行动而受到指责。
2
n.（不可数）责任，过失
Rather than accepting responsibility, the two departments continued to shift the blame onto each other.
两个部门非但没有承担责任，反而继续将责任推卸给对方。
语感
blame sb. for sth. / blame sth. on sb.（两种结构同义）；be to blame（应负责任）；shift the blame（推卸责任）
责怪（动词）责任，过失（名词，不可数）
两种结构（都正确，含义相同）：blame sb. for sth.（因某事责怪某人：I blame you for this = 我因这件事责怪你）；blame sth. on sb.（将某事归咎于某人：I blame this on you = 我把这件事归咎于你）。高频搭配：be to blame (for)（应负责任：the driver was to blame for the accident = 司机应对事故负责；be to blame 不接 that 从句）；take / accept the blame（承担责任）；shift / place the blame on sb.（推卸/把责任归于某人）；apportion blame（分配责任：apportion blame fairly = 公平分配责任）；blame culture（推卸文化，组织文化中习惯性推卸责任）；can't blame sb. for doing（不能怪某人做某事：you can't blame him for being angry = 你不能怪他生气）。
陷阱
⚠️blame sb. for（因某事责怪某人）vs. blame sth. on（将某事归咎于）
✗
The report blamed the financial crisis for the government's failure to regulate the banking sector adequately.
该报告将金融危机归咎于政府未能对银行业进行充分监管。（blamed sth. on = 将某事归咎于；blamed sb. for = 因某事责怪某人）
此处含义是「将危机归咎于政府的监管失败」，应用 blamed the crisis on the government's failure；× blamed the crisis for the government's failure（含义混乱，「金融危机为政府的失败负责」）→ ✓ blamed the crisis on the failure / blamed the government for failing to regulate
✓
The report blamed the financial crisis on the government's failure to regulate the banking sector adequately.
该报告将金融危机归咎于政府未能对银行业进行充分监管。
⚠️be to blame（应负责任）固定结构
An independent review concluded that several factors were to blame for the project's collapse, including poor planning and inadequate funding.
✗
× were to be blamed（be to blame = 应负责任，不用被动 be to be blamed）
✓
be to blame（应负责任）是固定结构，不用被动形式；× were to be blamed for → ✓ were to blame for；此处 several factors were to blame for = 几个因素应对…负责；can also say: were responsible for；此句正确
独立审查得出结论，包括规划不足和资金不足在内的几个因素应对项目的失败负责。（be to blame = 固定结构，不用 be to be blamed）
近义辨析
blamevscriticise
blameblame sb. for sth.（把过错归咎于某人：blame sb. for a failure = 因失败责怪某人，含过错归属义）criticisecriticise sb. for sth.（批评某人某事：criticise the government for = 批评政府；不含「过错归属」义，只是否定评价）
Many commentators blamed the management team for the company's poor performance over the past three years.
许多评论人士将公司过去三年的糟糕表现归咎于管理团队。
Environmental groups criticised the government for approving the new motorway project without a full environmental impact assessment.
环保团体批评政府在未进行全面环境影响评估的情况下批准新高速公路项目。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换：say it was someone's faultput the responsibility on
社会问题议论文政策评估话题责任与治理话题
普通
People often say it is the government's fault when social problems get worse.
当社会问题恶化时，人们常常说这是政府的错。
加分 ✨
Rather than simply blaming the government for rising inequality, analysts must examine the structural economic forces — globalisation, automation, and tax policy — that have driven the gap between rich and poor.
为什么更好：rather than...must examine 引入分析框架；三类结构性力量（globalisation/automation/tax policy）具体化；the gap between rich and poor 聚焦核心问题
常用搭配
blame sb. for sth.因某事责怪某人（blame + 人 + for）
blame sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人（blame + 事 + on）
be to blame (for)应负责任（固定结构，无被动）
shift / place the blame on将责任推卸给/归于
take / accept the blame承担责任
apportion blame分配责任（书面正式）
词根
blame = b + lame（瘸腿）→ 「让某人成为瘸腿/弱者」= 指责；blame for（因为…）vs. blame on（把…放在…上）；be to blame = 应该背这个锅
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确：
The company's directors were to be blamed for concealing the financial irregularities from shareholders and auditors.
公司董事们应该为向股东和审计师隐瞒财务违规行为负责。
✓ 正确版本
The company's directors were to blame for concealing the financial irregularities from shareholders and auditors.
公司董事们应对向股东和审计师隐瞒财务违规行为负责。
be to blame（应负责任）是固定结构，不用被动 be to be blamed；× were to be blamed → ✓ were to blame for
Q2义项辨析
下面两句话，哪一句语法和语义都正确？
A
She blamed the traffic delays for missing her flight and was furious about the situation.
她将错过航班归咎于交通延误，对此情况感到非常愤怒。
B
She blamed the traffic delays on missing her flight and was furious about the situation.
（语义混乱：交通延误把错过航班归咎于交通延误上）
C
She blamed missing her flight for the traffic delays and was furious about the situation.
（语义混乱：错过航班应对交通延误负责）
D
She blamed on the traffic delays for missing her flight and was furious about the situation.
（× blamed on sb.，结构错误）
A 中 blamed the traffic delays for missing her flight = 将错过航班归咎于交通延误，结构正确（blame sth. for sth.）；B 中 blamed the delays on missing her flight 语义倒置；C 中因果倒置；D 中 × blamed on = 错误结构
Q3近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空：
The environmental group ___ the petrochemical company for releasing untreated waste into the local river system.
Ablamed
Bcriticised
✓ 环保团体批评石化公司将未经处理的废物排放到当地河流系统。
released untreated waste（排放废物）是行为本身，环保团体对此行为表达否定评价，criticise sb. for doing（批评某人做某事）更聚焦于否定评价；blame sb. for 更强调「归咎于」某人造成了某损害；criticised for releasing 更精准描述「对具体行为的批评」
接着学
点击进入该词的深度解析
responsibility近义责任（take responsibility for = 对…承担责任；be responsible for = 应对…负责；blame 的名词对应：shift responsibility = shift the blame）
accountability近义问责（hold sb. accountable = 追究责任；accountability 比 blame 更系统化、制度化）
exonerate反义免除责任（exonerate sb. from blame = 免除某人的责任；blame 的反义行为）
scapegoat近义替罪羊（make sb. a scapegoat = 将某人当替罪羊；不公正地 shift the blame）