✨ 语义深度解析 ⋮
burden
高考核心词 作文加分词 难度 1/5 ⏱ 2 分钟
核心
负担；责任——沉重的压力或责任，使人难以承受
释义
1
n.负担，重担（难以承受的责任或压力）
Caring for an elderly parent can place an enormous emotional and financial burden on family members, particularly when professional support is unavailable.
照顾年迈父母可能会给家庭成员带来巨大的情感和经济负担，尤其是在专业支持不可用的情况下。
2
v.给…增加负担（burden sb. with）
She hesitated to burden her colleagues with her personal difficulties, preferring instead to seek professional guidance.
她不愿将个人困难强加给同事，而是倾向于寻求专业指导。
语感
a burden on（…的负担，介词 on）；bear/shoulder the burden（承担重担）；ease/lighten the burden（减轻负担）；burden of proof（举证责任）
负担，重担（名词）给…增加负担（动词 burden sb. with）
陷阱
⚠️a burden on（介词 on）vs. × a burden to
✗
The rising cost of university education is placing an increasingly heavy burden to students from low-income backgrounds.
大学教育费用不断上涨，给来自低收入背景的学生造成了越来越重的负担。（× burden to → ✓ burden on）
「对某人是负担」固定介词是 burden on（on + 承受者）；× burden to 不是标准搭配；a burden on students = 学生的负担；a burden for sb. 也可（强调「对某人来说」），但 burden on 更常见
✓
The rising cost of university education is placing an increasingly heavy burden on students from low-income backgrounds.
大学教育费用不断上涨，给来自低收入背景的学生造成了越来越重的负担。
⚠️burden of proof（举证责任）——法律固定术语
In criminal cases, the burden of proof rests with the prosecution, which must demonstrate guilt beyond all reasonable doubt.
✗
burden of proof = 证明责任（等同于一般的「责任」概念）
✓
burden of proof（举证责任）是法律术语，指「谁有责任提供证据」；the burden of proof rests with / lies with（举证责任在于…）是固定表达；criminal = prosecution must prove guilty（控方举证）；civil = claimant must prove（原告举证）；此句正确
在刑事案件中，举证责任在于检察机关，必须毋庸置疑地证明罪行。（burden of proof = 法律术语，固定搭配）
近义辨析
burden vs strain
burden burden（负担，强调重量/压力使人难以承受：a financial burden = 财务负担；bear the burden = 承担重担） strain strain（压力，紧张，强调「拉伸至极限」：the strain of overwork = 过度工作的压力；put a strain on = 给…带来压力；比 burden 更强调「持续拉伸」的紧绷感）
The ageing population is placing an increasing burden on public pension and healthcare systems across developed economies.
人口老龄化给发达经济体的公共养老金和医疗体系带来了越来越大的负担。
The prolonged shortage of qualified nurses is putting enormous strain on hospital staff, leading to high levels of burnout.
合格护士的长期短缺给医院员工带来了巨大的压力，导致高水平的职业倦怠。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换：problem forpressure onhard for
社会福利话题医疗健康话题经济政策话题
普通
Looking after old people is very hard for their families.
照顾老人对家庭来说非常困难。
加分 ✨
As the population ages, the burden of care increasingly falls on family members, many of whom must balance caregiving responsibilities with full-time employment.
随着人口老龄化，护理的重担越来越多地落在家庭成员身上，其中许多人必须在护理责任和全职工作之间取得平衡。
常用搭配
a burden on sb./sth.对某人/某事的负担（介词 on）
bear / shoulder the burden承担重担
ease / lighten / reduce the burden减轻负担
burden of proof举证责任（法律术语）
financial / tax burden财务 / 税收负担
shift the burden (onto)将负担转移（给）
词根
burden = 「压在背上的重物」→ 联想 bear a burden（承担重担）；a burden on sb. = 「压在某人身上」= 对某人的负担；burden of proof = 「证明的重担」= 举证责任
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确：
The new environmental regulations will place an additional burden on small businesses, which may struggle to meet the new compliance requirements.
place a burden on（给…增加负担）固定搭配，介词 on 正确；which may struggle to meet = 关系从句，语法正确
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空：
The combination of long working hours and inadequate staffing levels is putting enormous ___ on emergency department teams.
Aburden
Bstrain
✓ 长时间工作和人员不足的结合给急诊科团队带来了巨大的压力。
put a strain on（给…带来压力）是固定搭配，强调「持续拉伸至极限」；long hours and inadequate staffing 是持续性的紧张因素，strain（紧绷压力）比 burden（沉重负担）更匹配；put a burden on 也可，但 put strain on 更常用于「人力/系统被持续拉紧」的语境
Q3搭配还原
选择正确的动词，完成句子：
The government must take steps to ___ the burden of student debt, or risk deterring talented young people from pursuing higher education.
政府必须采取措施减轻学生债务负担，否则将面临让有才华的年轻人望而却步、放弃高等教育的风险。
Aease
Bfree
Ccut
Dsolve
完整搭配：ease the burden　减轻负担（固定搭配）
ease the burden（减轻负担）是固定搭配；lighten/reduce the burden 也正确；× free the burden / cut the burden / solve the burden 不是固定表达
接着学
点击进入该词的深度解析
load近义负载，重担（carry a heavy load = 承担重担；workload = 工作量；与 burden 同义，但 load 更中性）
obligation近义义务，责任（a legal obligation = 法律义务；比 burden 更正式，强调约束性而非重量感）
relief反义解脱，减轻（a relief from the burden = 从负担中解脱；ease the burden 带来 relief）
overburdened近义不堪重负的（overburdened healthcare system = 不堪重负的医疗系统；= bearing too much burden）