campaign 核心是「有组织、有目标的持续行动」，可以是政治、社会或军事的。名词：① 竞选活动（election campaign = 选举竞选）；② 运动，倡议（an awareness campaign = 意识宣传运动；a media campaign = 媒体宣传活动）；③ 军事战役（a military campaign = 军事行动）。动词：campaign for/against sth.（为…奔走/反对…：campaign for equal rights = 为平权奔走；campaign against pollution = 反对污染）。关键搭配：run / launch / lead a campaign（发起/领导一场运动）；campaign on an issue（就某议题展开活动）。
释义
1
n.运动，倡议（有组织的行动）
The public health campaign aimed to reduce smoking rates by educating young people about the long-term health consequences of tobacco.
这项公共卫生运动旨在通过教育年轻人了解烟草的长期健康后果来降低吸烟率。
2
n.竞选活动（政治）
The candidate spent months on the road during the campaign, meeting voters in communities across the country.
这位候选人在竞选期间花了数月时间走访全国各地社区，与选民见面。
3
v.为…奔走倡导（campaign for/against）
Local residents have been campaigning against the proposed motorway extension for over two years.
当地居民已就拟议中的高速公路延伸工程奔走反对了两年多。
语感
campaign for/against（为…倡导/反对…）；launch a campaign（发起一场运动）；awareness campaign（意识宣传运动）
运动，倡议（有组织行动）竞选活动（政治）为…奔走（动词 campaign for/against）
高频搭配：launch / run / lead a campaign（发起/开展/领导运动）；campaign for sth.（为某事奔走：campaign for justice = 为正义奔走；campaign for a cause = 为某项事业倡导）；campaign against sth.（反对：campaign against discrimination = 反对歧视）；awareness campaign（意识宣传运动：a public awareness campaign = 公众意识宣传活动）；advertising / marketing campaign（广告/营销活动）；election / presidential campaign（选举/总统竞选）；campaign trail（竞选路途：on the campaign trail = 在竞选途中）；smear campaign（诽谤运动，损害他人名誉的行动）。
campaign for = 积极支持推动（campaign for clean energy = 推动清洁能源）；campaign against = 积极反对（campaign against pollution = 反对污染）；介词 for/against 决定立场；此句 campaigning against the expansion = 反对扩张，正确
环保团体几十年来一直反对化石燃料基础设施的扩张。（against = 反对，for = 支持）
⚠️campaign（运动）vs. movement（运动）——组织化程度不同
✗
The civil rights campaign of the 1960s transformed American society and led to landmark legislation protecting equal rights for all citizens.
20世纪60年代的民权运动改变了美国社会，并推动了保护所有公民平等权利的里程碑式立法。（× civil rights campaign → ✓ civil rights movement）
civil rights movement（民权运动）是历史固定说法；movement 用于更广泛、长期的社会变革（the labour movement = 劳工运动；the feminist movement = 女权运动）；campaign 用于更具体、有目标的单一行动（a campaign for voting rights = 争取选票权的运动）；× civil rights campaign（非标准说法）→ ✓ civil rights movement
✓
The civil rights movement of the 1960s transformed American society and led to landmark legislation protecting equal rights for all citizens.
The global campaign against plastic pollution has persuaded dozens of governments to introduce restrictions on single-use plastics.
全球反对塑料污染的运动已说服数十国政府对一次性塑料实施限制。
The school launched a recycling drive to encourage students to reduce waste and bring reusable containers.
学校发起了一场回收活动，鼓励学生减少浪费并携带可重复使用的容器。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换：efforts toactions totrying to
社会问题议论文政治话题环境保护话题
普通
People are trying to stop the government from building more roads.
人们正在努力阻止政府修建更多道路。
加分 ✨
A growing coalition of residents, environmental groups, and urban planners has been campaigning against the proposed road expansion, arguing that it would increase congestion and carbon emissions rather than alleviate them.