contain 有两个核心用法：① 「包含，含有」：contain sth.（包含：the report contains detailed analysis = 报告包含详细分析；the box contains documents = 盒子里装有文件）；② 「遏制，控制（使不扩散）」：contain a fire / disease / crisis（遏制火灾/疾病/危机）；contain one's anger / emotion（控制愤怒/情绪）。名词：container（容器；集装箱：shipping container = 集装箱）；containment（遏制：containment policy = 遏制政策）。辨析：contain（包含，指全部内容：the box contains = 盒子里装有所有的）vs. include（包括，指部分：the report includes a section on = 报告包括一个关于…的章节，不一定是全部）。
释义
1
v.包含，含有
The database contains the personal records of over three million registered users, raising significant data privacy concerns.
该数据库包含超过三百万注册用户的个人记录，引发了重大数据隐私问题。
2
v.遏制，控制（使不扩散）
Early intervention is critical to containing the spread of infectious diseases before they reach pandemic proportions.
早期干预对于遏制传染病传播至关重要，以防其达到大流行规模。
3
v.克制，抑制（情绪）
She could barely contain her excitement when she received the letter confirming her acceptance to the programme.
当她收到确认被录取的信件时，她几乎无法抑制自己的兴奋。
语感
contain a disease / fire（遏制疾病/火灾）；contain one's emotions（抑制情绪）；the box contains（盒子里包含）；container（容器；集装箱）；containment policy（遏制政策）
包含，含有（contain all the content）遏制，控制（contain a disease = 遏制疾病）克制，抑制（情绪：contain one's anger）
高频搭配：contain sth.（包含：the package contains = 包裹里有；the food contains additives = 食品含有添加剂）；contain a fire / outbreak / epidemic（遏制火灾/疫情/流行病）；contain costs / spending（控制成本/支出：measures to contain costs = 控制成本的措施）；barely / scarcely contain（勉强控制：barely contain her laughter = 勉强忍住笑）；self-contained（独立的，自给自足的：a self-contained apartment = 独立套间）；辨析：contain（包含全部内容：the box contains = 盒子里装有（所有内容））vs. include（包含部分内容，不穷举：the report includes a chapter on = 报告包含一章关于…；suggests partial listing）vs. consist of（由…构成：the team consists of five members = 团队由五名成员组成）。
陷阱
⚠️contain（全部内容）vs. include（部分内容）——范围不同
The starter pack contains everything a new employee needs, from access cards to a detailed welcome guide.
✗
contain = include（完全等同，可互换）
✓
contain（包含，暗示全部内容：contains everything = 包含全部所需物品；the box contains these items = 盒子里装的就是这些）；include（包括，暗示列举部分：the pack includes a welcome guide = 包包里有一本欢迎指南（还有其他）；不穷举，open-ended list）；此句 contains everything = 强调全部，用 contain 正确；× include everything 语义可行但少见
入职包包含新员工所需的一切，从门禁卡到详细的欢迎指南。（contains everything = 全部内容，vs. include = 举部分例子）
⚠️contain（遏制）不表示「消除」——只是阻止扩散
✗
Health officials announced that the epidemic had been fully contained, with no new cases reported in the past thirty days and the disease effectively eliminated.
contain（遏制）= 阻止扩散，不等于「消除/根除」；contained = 被控制住了，但不一定根除；× fully contained and effectively eliminated（逻辑重复：contained 不含 eliminated 之义）；若要表示根除，用 eradicate（根除）/ eliminate（消灭）；正确：the epidemic has been contained（已被控制）vs. the disease has been eradicated（已被根除）
✓
Health officials announced that the epidemic had been contained, with no new cases reported in the past thirty days.
卫生官员宣布疫情已被遏制，过去三十天内没有新病例报告。（contained = 已控制住扩散）
近义辨析
containvsinclude
containcontain（包含：the box contains all the items = 盒子里包含所有物品；暗示全部内容；不用进行式：× is containing）includeinclude（包括：the package includes a manual = 包裹里包括说明书；暗示列举部分，open-ended；同样不用进行式：× is including；比 contain 更广用，包括抽象内容：the plan includes several stages）
Each capsule contains five hundred milligrams of the active ingredient, which should not be exceeded in any single dose.
每粒胶囊含有五百毫克活性成分，任何单次剂量均不应超过此量。
The new curriculum includes modules on digital literacy, critical thinking, and civic responsibility alongside core academic subjects.
新课程包含数字素养、批判性思维和公民责任模块，以及核心学术科目。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换：stop from spreadinghas in itkeep under control
政策分析话题社会问题议论文医疗健康话题
普通
Governments must stop diseases from spreading quickly.
政府必须阻止疾病快速传播。
加分 ✨
Effective public health infrastructure is essential not only for containing outbreaks when they occur, but for building the resilience needed to prevent future pandemics.