高频搭配:cultural heritage / identity / diversity(文化遗产/身份/多样性);a culture of accountability / innovation / fear(问责/创新/恐惧文化);corporate / organisational culture(企业/组织文化);culture shock(文化冲击:experience culture shock = 经历文化冲击);pop / popular culture(流行文化);multicultural(adj.)(多元文化的:a multicultural society = 多元文化社会);cultural exchange / dialogue(文化交流/对话);辨析:culture(文化,整体性:the culture of a society = 社会文化)vs. custom(习俗,具体的文化实践:local customs = 当地风俗)vs. tradition(传统,代代相传:cultural tradition = 文化传统)vs. civilisation(文明,更宏观的社会发展:ancient civilisation = 古代文明)。
陷阱
⚠️a culture of(文化/氛围)——比喻用法
The report highlighted the existence of a deeply entrenched culture of secrecy within the organisation, which had prevented early detection of the fraud.
✗
culture 只能指「民族/社会文化」,× 不能用于组织
✓
a culture of(…的文化/氛围)是高频比喻用法,可用于组织/制度:a culture of accountability = 问责文化;a culture of fear = 恐惧文化;a culture of innovation = 创新文化;不限于「民族文化」;这是学术和政策写作的重要搭配
报告强调该组织内存在根深蒂固的保密文化,这阻碍了欺诈行为的早期发现。(a culture of secrecy = 组织内的保密氛围,合法用法)
⚠️cultural(形容词)vs. culture(名词,不作定语修饰名词)
✗
Preserving culture heritage is a responsibility shared by governments, communities, and individuals alike.
保护文化遗产是政府、社区和个人共同承担的责任。(× culture heritage → ✓ cultural heritage,需用形容词 cultural)
cultureculture(文化:the culture of a society = 社会文化;the culture of ancient Rome = 古罗马文化;也指组织文化)civilisationcivilisation(文明,更宏观:ancient civilisations = 古代文明;clash of civilisations = 文明冲突;强调社会发展水平、技术、制度,比 culture 范围更广、更宏大)
The museum's collection reflects the rich culture of the indigenous peoples who inhabited the region for thousands of years.
博物馆的藏品反映了在该地区居住了数千年的原住民的丰富文化。
The Roman civilisation left an enduring legacy in the fields of law, architecture, and governance that continues to influence modern states.
罗马文明在法律、建筑和治理领域留下了持久的遗产,继续影响着现代国家。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:way of lifetraditionssociety
文化话题教育话题社会问题议论文
普通
Different countries have different ways of life and traditions.
不同国家有不同的生活方式和传统。
加分 ✨
Exposure to diverse cultures through education and travel broadens individuals' perspectives, fostering greater tolerance and a more nuanced understanding of the world.
通过教育和旅行接触多元文化拓宽了个人视野,培养了更大的宽容度和对世界更细腻的理解。
为什么更好:diverse cultures 比 different ways of life 更书面;exposure to...broadens 展示机制;fostering greater tolerance 引入价值判断;nuanced understanding 提升词汇深度
常用搭配
cultural heritage / diversity文化遗产/多样性(× culture heritage)
a culture of accountability / innovation问责/创新文化(比喻用法)
The city has a rich culture heritage, with over two hundred listed buildings and several UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
该城市拥有丰富的文化遗产,有两百多座受保护建筑和几处联合国教科文组织世界遗产地。
✓ 正确版本
The city has a rich cultural heritage, with over two hundred listed buildings and several UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
该城市拥有丰富的文化遗产,有两百多座受保护建筑和几处联合国教科文组织世界遗产地。
× culture heritage → ✓ cultural heritage;需用形容词 cultural 修饰名词 heritage;cultural heritage 是固定搭配;× culture heritage 语法不正确(名词不能直接修饰名词,需形容词形式)
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
The museum's new exhibition traces the rise and fall of the great ___ of the ancient world, from Mesopotamia to the Roman Empire.
Acultures
Bcivilisations
✓ 博物馆的新展览追溯了古代世界伟大文明的兴衰,从美索不达米亚到罗马帝国。
civilisations(文明)适合「宏观的古代社会发展体系」;from Mesopotamia to the Roman Empire = 跨越广大历史时期和地域的宏大社会体系;civilisation 比 culture 更强调「政治、经济、技术的整体发展水平」;ancient civilisations 是历史学标准术语
Q3义项辨析
下面四个句子中,culture 的含义与其他三个最不同的是:
A
Students studying abroad often experience culture shock as they adjust to unfamiliar social norms and expectations.
在海外学习的学生在适应陌生的社会规范和期望时常常经历文化冲击。
B
The laboratory grew a culture of the bacteria in controlled conditions to test the effectiveness of the new antibiotic.
实验室在受控条件下培养了细菌,以测试新抗生素的有效性。
C
The company has made significant efforts to build a culture of psychological safety in which all employees feel free to speak up.
该公司做出了重大努力,建立一种心理安全文化,让所有员工都能自由发声。
D
Exposure to a second culture from an early age can significantly enhance a child's empathy and ability to communicate across differences.