custom · 语义深度解析

核心

习俗；惯例；定制——特定文化或群体的习惯做法，或专门为某人制作

custom 有三个核心用法：① 名词「习俗，风俗」：local customs（当地风俗）；it is (the) custom to do（习俗是：it is the custom to bow = 鞠躬是习俗）；② 名词复数「海关」：customs（海关：go through customs = 过海关；customs declaration = 海关申报）；③ 形容词「定制的」：custom-made / custom-built（量身定制的：a custom-made suit = 定制西装）。辨析：custom（习俗，特定文化群体的具体习惯行为）vs. tradition（传统，跨代传承，历史更深厚）vs. habit（习惯，个人的反复行为：my daily habit = 我的日常习惯）vs. convention（惯例，约定俗成的社会行为准则）。

释义

1

n.习俗，风俗（特定文化或社会的习惯做法）

In many East Asian societies, removing one's shoes before entering a home is a long-standing custom that reflects values of cleanliness and respect.

在许多东亚社会，进门前脱鞋是一项长久的习俗，体现了对清洁和尊重的重视。

2

n.（pl. customs）海关（复数，检查货物和旅客的机构）

All passengers arriving from international destinations must complete a customs declaration form before passing through the border control.

所有来自国际目的地的乘客必须在通过边境管制前填写海关申报表。

3

adj.定制的（custom-made / custom-built）

The architect designed a custom-built solution for the irregularly shaped plot, making full use of the available space.

建筑师为这块不规则形状的地块设计了一个定制解决方案，充分利用了可用空间。

语感

local customs（当地风俗）；go through customs（过海关）；custom-made（量身定制的）；it is customary to（按惯例，习俗上应）；customs declaration（海关申报）

习俗，风俗（cultural customs）海关（复数 customs）定制的（custom-made/custom-built）

高频搭配：local / cultural customs（当地/文化风俗）；it is (the) custom to do（习俗是做某事：it is customary to = 按习俗应该）；go through customs（过海关）；customs officer / declaration / duty（海关官员/申报/税）；custom-made / custom-built（量身定制的）；辨析：custom（习俗，特定群体的具体惯例：local customs = 当地具体风俗）vs. tradition（传统，代代相传、历史更深：family tradition = 家族传统）vs. habit（习惯，个人反复行为：break a habit = 改掉习惯）vs. convention（约定惯例，约定俗成的社会规范：social convention = 社会惯例）。

陷阱

⚠️custom（习俗，不可数或可数）——it is customary to（形容词用法）

It is customary in many corporate cultures to send a thank-you note after a job interview, as it demonstrates professionalism and gratitude.

✗

× it is custom to do（× custom 直接用作形容词）

✓

it is customary to do sth.（习俗上应该做：it is customary to bow = 习俗上应鞠躬）；× it is custom to（× custom 是名词，不直接作表语形容词）；the custom is to do（名词用法：the custom is to exchange gifts = 习俗是交换礼物）；customary = 形容词（按惯例的，习俗的：the customary greeting = 惯常问候）

在许多企业文化中，面试后发送感谢信是惯例，因为这体现了专业精神和感激之情。（it is customary to，× it is custom to）

⚠️customs（海关，复数）vs. custom（习俗，单复数）——意义完全不同

✗

The traveller declared all her purchases at the custom and paid the required import duty without difficulty.

旅行者在海关申报了她所有的购买物品，并毫无困难地缴纳了所需的进口税。（× at the custom → ✓ at customs，海关固定用复数）

customs（海关）固定为复数形式；× at the custom = 语法错误（海关始终用复数：go through customs = 过海关；customs officer = 海关官员；× the custom office / × at the custom）；custom（单数）= 习俗；customs（复数）= 海关；两者意义完全不同

✓

The traveller declared all her purchases at customs and paid the required import duty without difficulty.

旅行者在海关申报了她所有的购买物品，并毫无困难地缴纳了所需的进口税。（customs，固定复数，× at the custom）

近义辨析

custom vs tradition

custom custom（习俗：local customs = 当地风俗；较具体，指特定群体的习惯做法；可指相对近期形成的） tradition tradition（传统：a long-standing tradition = 长久的传统；强调代代相传、历史深厚；比 custom 更强调时间深度和传承意味）

Exchanging business cards with both hands is a professional custom in Japan that newcomers are advised to observe carefully.

用双手交换名片是日本的职业习俗，建议新人认真遵守。

The annual harvest festival is a centuries-old tradition that brings the entire village together to celebrate the season.

一年一度的丰收节是一个有几百年历史的传统，将整个村庄聚集在一起庆祝季节。

写作加分

✨ 加分词

替换：habitpracticeway of doing things

文化话题社会问题议论文教育话题

普通

Different countries have different ways of doing things that people follow.

不同国家有人们遵循的不同做事方式。

加分 ✨

Understanding the customs and etiquette of a host country is essential for effective cross-cultural communication and demonstrates genuine respect for its people.

了解东道国的习俗和礼仪对于有效的跨文化交流至关重要，并展示了对其人民的真诚尊重。

为什么更好：customs and etiquette 是跨文化交流的专业术语；demonstrates genuine respect 比 people follow 更书面；cross-cultural communication 引入专业概念

常用搭配

local / cultural customs当地/文化习俗

it is customary to do习俗上应做（× it is custom to）

go through customs过海关（复数）

customs declaration / duty海关申报 / 进口税

custom-made / custom-built量身定制的

词根

custom = 「习以为常的做法」= 习俗；customs（复数）= 「通关时必须遵守的规定」= 海关；custom-made = 「按个人习惯/需求制作」= 定制；customary = 「按惯例的」= 惯常的

考考你

Q1对错判断

判断下面句子里的用法是否正确：

It is customary in many South Asian cultures to offer food to guests as a sign of hospitality, and refusing such offers can sometimes cause offence.

it is customary to do（习俗上应做）用法正确；as a sign of hospitality = 作为好客的标志；refusing such offers = 动名词短语作主语，语法正确

Q2近义选词

选择最恰当的词填空：

Celebrating the winter solstice with a communal feast is a ___ that has been passed down through dozens of generations in this remote community.

Acustom

Btradition

✓ 以集体盛宴庆祝冬至是在这个偏远社区代代相传了几十代的传统。

tradition（传统）强调代代相传的历史深度；passed down through dozens of generations = 几十代传承，呼应 tradition 的核心含义；custom 也可用，但 tradition 在「代代相传几十代」语境下更精确

Q3义项辨析

下面四个句子中，custom / customs 的含义与其他三个最不同的是：

A

In many Arab cultures, it is the custom to greet guests with coffee or tea before discussing business.

B

Passengers carrying items over the permitted value must declare them at customs on arrival.

C

The furniture was custom-made to fit the unusually shaped room in the historic property.

D

Wedding customs vary greatly across regions, reflecting the diversity of cultural practices within the country.

B 中 customs = 海关（复数，declare at customs = 在海关申报）；A 中 custom = 习俗（it is the custom to = 习俗是）；C 中 custom-made = 量身定制的（形容词）；D 中 customs = 习俗（wedding customs = 婚礼习俗，复数）

接着学

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