dare 有两个核心用法：① 情态动词「胆敢」：dare not do（不敢做：she dare not speak up = 她不敢发声；daren't = dare not 缩写）；how dare you（你怎么敢，表示愤怒或震惊）；② 普通动词「敢于，鼓起勇气」：dare to do（敢于做：dare to challenge = 敢于挑战）；dare sb. to do（激将某人做：dare him to jump = 激他跳）；名词：a dare（挑战：accept a dare = 接受挑战，做一件有风险的事）。
释义
1
modal v.胆敢（情态动词，后跟不带 to 的不定式）
In many authoritarian systems, journalists dare not report the truth for fear of imprisonment or worse.
在许多威权体制中，记者不敢报道真相，因为害怕被监禁或遭受更糟的后果。
2
v.敢于（普通动词，后跟带 to 的不定式）
The young activist dared to challenge the establishment, speaking truth to power at considerable personal risk.
这位年轻活动人士敢于挑战权威机构，冒着相当大的个人风险向权力说出真相。
3
n.激将，挑战（做有风险的事）
On a dare from his friends, he swam across the river late at night, a decision he immediately regretted.
在朋友们的怂恿下，他深夜游过了河，这个决定他立即后悔了。
语感
dare not do（不敢做，情态）；dare to do（敢于做，普通动词）；how dare you（你怎么敢）；dare sb. to do（激将某人）；I dare say（我敢说，书面）
胆敢（dare not = 不敢，情态）敢于（dare to do，普通动词）激将，挑战（名词：a dare）
高频搭配：dare not do / daren't do（情态：不敢做：dare not speak up = 不敢发声；daren't mention it = 不敢提起它）；dare to do sth.（普通动词：dare to ask = 敢于提问；dare to be different = 敢于与众不同）；how dare you / he / she（你/他/她怎么敢：how dare you say that = 你怎么敢这么说）；dare sb. to do（激将：dare him to speak up = 激他说出来）；I dare say（我敢说：I dare say it will work = 我敢说这会管用）；辨析：dare（敢于，有勇气）vs. venture（冒险尝试，书面：venture to suggest = 冒昧建议）vs. presume（斗胆，书面：I presume to disagree = 我斗胆不同意）。
陷阱
⚠️dare（情态动词）+ 不带 to 的不定式 vs. dare（普通动词）+ to 不定式
Few citizens dare speak out against the regime, knowing that public criticism is likely to result in serious consequences.
✗
× dare to speak out（情态动词后加 to）
✓
dare（情态动词）+ 原形不定式（无 to）：dare speak = 胆敢说（疑问/否定/条件句）；dare（普通动词）+ to 不定式：dare to speak = 敢于说（肯定陈述句）；此句 few...dare speak out = 情态，否定语境（few = 几乎没有），用原形；比较：she dared to challenge him（普通动词，肯定句）vs. she dare not challenge him（情态，否定）；两者均可在某些语境中互换，但情态用法更常见于否定/疑问
很少有公民敢于公开反对该政权，因为他们知道公开批评可能导致严重后果。（情态：dare speak，无 to；vs. 普通动词：dare to speak，有 to）
⚠️how dare you——只用 you / he / she，× how dare it
✗
How dare the company dismiss its employees without any prior notice or compensation?
该公司怎么敢在没有任何提前通知或补偿的情况下解雇员工？（how dare the company = 正确用法）
how dare + 主语（表示愤怒/震惊）可用于人：how dare you / he / she / they；how dare the company = 可接受（指代公司作为组织）；此用法实际上是正确的；how dare 后接名词主语是标准英语；× how dare it（指无生命事物，听起来不自然，但指公司/组织均可）；此句 how dare the company = 公司怎么敢，语法正确
✓
How dare the company dismiss its employees without any prior notice or compensation?
该公司怎么敢在没有任何提前通知或补偿的情况下解雇员工？（how dare the company，表示愤怒）
近义辨析
darevsventure
daredare（敢于：dare to challenge = 敢于挑战；带有勇气或冒险的含义）ventureventure（冒险尝试，书面：venture to suggest = 冒昧建议；venture an opinion = 斗胆提出意见；比 dare 更书面谦逊，常用于礼貌提出观点）
The documentary filmmaker dared to challenge the official account of the events, risking both his career and his personal safety.
这位纪录片导演敢于挑战对事件的官方描述，冒着职业和人身安全两方面的风险。
I would venture to suggest that the proposed solution, while technically sound, may prove difficult to implement in practice.
我冒昧建议，尽管拟议的解决方案在技术上是合理的，但在实践中可能难以实施。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换：try tobe brave enough tohave the courage to
社会问题议论文文化话题学术议论文
普通
Not many people are brave enough to speak out against injustice.
没有多少人有足够的勇气反对不公正。
加分 ✨
In environments where dissent carries serious risks, those who dare to speak truth to power deserve recognition not just as individuals of courage but as defenders of democratic principles.
为什么更好：dare to speak truth to power 是固定惯用表达；not just...but...对比结构升华论点；defenders of democratic principles 引入价值高度
常用搭配
dare not do（情态）不敢做（疑问/否定，后跟原形动词）
dare to do（普通动词）敢于做（肯定句，后跟 to 不定式）
how dare you / he你/他怎么敢（表示愤怒）
dare sb. to do激将某人做某事
I dare say我敢说（书面，表示推断）
词根
dare = 「有勇气去」= 敢于；dare not = 「没有勇气」= 不敢；how dare you = 「你居然有那个勇气」= 你怎么敢；a dare = 「挑战某人的勇气的行为」= 激将；daredevil = 「无所畏惧的恶魔」= 莽汉，亡命之徒
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确：
Few politicians dare challenge the prevailing consensus on economic policy, even when the evidence suggests that an alternative approach might be more effective.
很少有政治家敢于挑战经济政策的主流共识，即使有证据表明替代方法可能更有效。
few...dare challenge（情态动词用法：否定语境，dare + 原形 challenge，无 to）用法正确；even when = 即使，让步从句；suggests that = 语法正确
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空：
I would ___ to suggest that the committee's current approach, though well-intentioned, may be overlooking some important practical constraints.
Adare
Bventure
✓ 我冒昧建议，委员会目前的方法尽管出发点好，但可能忽略了一些重要的实际限制。
I would venture to suggest（我冒昧建议）是书面礼貌表达；venture to suggest = 谨慎、谦逊地提出建议；I would dare to suggest = 不自然（dare 更强调「有足够的勇气」，不用于礼貌建议）；though well-intentioned = 让步，体现礼貌语气，与 venture 的谦逊搭配
Q3义项辨析
下面四个句子中，dare 的含义与其他三个最不同的是：
A
He dared to voice his concerns in the meeting, despite knowing that his views were unpopular with senior management.
他敢于在会议中表达担忧，尽管知道他的观点在高层管理中不受欢迎。
B
On a dare from his classmates, he climbed onto the school roof and had to be rescued by a teacher.
在同学的怂恿下，他爬上了学校屋顶，不得不由一位老师救援。
C
She dared to challenge the accepted interpretation of the historical evidence, earning both admiration and criticism from her peers.
她敢于挑战对历史证据的公认解读，赢得了同行的钦佩和批评。
D
Activists who dare to speak out against corruption play a vital role in holding governments accountable.