✨ 语义深度解析
failure
高考核心词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
本该运作却没运作——无论是人、机器还是计划
释义
1
n.失败,未成功
The project ended in failure due to poor planning.
由于规划不善,这个项目以失败告终。
2
n.故障,失灵(机器、器官、系统)
The power failure left thousands of homes without electricity.
这次电力故障让数千户家庭断电。
3
n.失职,未能履行(后接 to do)
His failure to respond was seen as an admission of guilt.
未能回应一事被视为默认有罪。
语感
failure 是「缺口」——本该合上的地方没合上
失败故障失灵失职
陷阱
⚠️failure vs. defeat:失败过程 vs. 被对手打败
The team's failure in the championship match disappointed their fans.
failure 和 defeat 在此通用
failure 指「没达到目标」,defeat 特指「被对手击败」;比赛中输掉更地道用 defeat
球队在锦标赛中的失利令球迷失望。(比赛输了用 defeat 更准确)
⚠️failure to do:名词后接不定式,不是从句
His failure of completing the task on time led to a serious delay.
(误)他未能按时完成任务导致严重延误。
failure 后接不定式 to do,不接 of doing
His failure to complete the task on time led to a serious delay.
未能按时完成任务,导致严重延误。
近义辨析
failure vs defeat
failure 本该运作却没运作,强调目标未达成 defeat 在对抗/竞争中被对手击败
The failure of the peace talks was a blow to both sides.
和平谈判的失败对双方都是一次打击。
The team suffered a crushing defeat in the final.
球队在决赛中遭受了惨痛的失败(被击败)。
写作加分
此词暂无特别的写作加分用法
常用搭配
end in failure以失败告终
failure to do sth.未能做某事
heart / organ failure心脏/器官衰竭
power failure停电,电力故障
fear of failure对失败的恐惧
doomed to failure注定失败
词根
fail(失败)+ -ure(名词后缀)→ failure;对应 succeed → success
考考你
Q1义项辨析
下面哪个句子里 failure 的用法和其他三个最不同?
A
The experiment ended in failure after months of work.
B
His failure to submit the report cost him the job.
C
A power failure disrupted the entire city for hours.
D
She saw the rejected proposal as a personal failure.
A、B、D 的 failure 都是「人或计划未达到预期」;C 的 power failure 是「系统故障/失灵」,义项不同
Q2对错判断
判断下面句子里 failure 的用法是否正确:
Her failure of attending the meeting was seen as disrespectful.
✓ 正确版本
Her failure to attend the meeting was seen as disrespectful.
未能出席会议被视为不尊重。
failure 后接不定式 to do,不接 of doing;固定结构是 failure to + 动词原形
Q3近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
The home team suffered a humiliating ___ in front of their own supporters.
Afailure
Bdefeat
✓ 主队在本主场球迷面前遭受了令人羞耻的失败(被击败)
比赛中被对手击败用 defeat;failure 强调「未达到目标」,不特指被对手打败
接着学
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