force 的核心是「能让事情发生的力」——物理上的力(gravitational force)、强迫他人行动的力(force sb. to do)、推动历史的力量(social forces)、军事力量(armed forces)。所有义项都是「让事情不得不发生」。
释义
1
n.力,力量(物理或抽象)
The force of the explosion shattered every window in the building.
爆炸的冲击力震碎了楼内所有玻璃。
2
n.(有组织的)力量;军事力量;警察部队
The government deployed armed forces to restore order.
政府部署武装力量以恢复秩序。
3
v.强迫,迫使(force sb. to do)
The strike forced the company to negotiate with workers.
罢工迫使公司与工人进行谈判。
4
n.推动力量(社会、历史上的影响力)
Technology is a powerful force for social change.
科技是推动社会变革的强大力量。
语感
force 让事情「不得不」发生——没有选择余地
力力量迫使军队推动力
force sb. to do 是最重要的动词搭配,强调「外力剥夺了选择权」。注意区分 force 和 make:force sb. to do(明确的强制)vs. make sb. do(使某人做,可以是间接原因)。The rain forced us to cancel the event 强调「雨把我们逼得没有选择」;The rain made us cancel the event 语气更中性,只是「导致」。
陷阱
⚠️force 动词:force sb. to do,不是 force sb. do
✗
The teacher forced the student stay after class.
(误)老师强迫学生留下来课后补习。
force 后接 to do,不省略 to;这是与 make/let/have 不同的地方
✓
The teacher forced the student to stay after class.
老师强迫学生课后留下。
⚠️by force vs. with force:暴力手段 vs. 用力地
The protesters were removed by force.
✗
by force = with great force,很用力地
✓
by force 是固定短语,意思是「用武力/强制手段」;with force 才是「用很大的力气」
抗议者被强制清场。
近义辨析
forcevscompel
force外力直接剥夺选择权,口语书面均可compel使不得不(多指情势、义务的内在压力),更正式
The flooding forced thousands of residents to evacuate.
洪水迫使数千名居民撤离。
She felt compelled to speak up against the injustice.
她感到不得不站出来反对这一不公正行为。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:make ... have tocause ... to
社会问题议论文因果分析段落
普通
Rising costs make many families have to cut their spending.
成本上升迫使许多家庭不得不削减开支。
加分 ✨
Rising costs force many families to cut back on essential spending.
成本上涨迫使许多家庭削减基本开支。
为什么更好:force + to do 比 make ... have to 更简洁有力,强调「被剥夺了选择权」
常用搭配
force sb. to do迫使某人做某事
by force用武力;强制地
in force大批地;(法律)生效中
the driving force驱动力,推动力
armed forces武装力量,军队
a force for change推动变革的力量
词根
Star Wars 里「May the Force be with you」→ Force = 无处不在的力量
考考你
Q1对错判断
判断下面句子里 force 的用法是否正确:
The new regulations force companies report their carbon emissions annually.
新法规迫使公司每年报告其碳排放量。
✓ 正确版本
The new regulations force companies to report their carbon emissions annually.
新法规迫使公司每年报告其碳排放量。
force 后必须接 to do(不省略 to),不同于 make/let/have 接裸不定式
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
After witnessing the corruption, she felt ___ to report it to the authorities.
Aforced
Bcompelled
✓ 目睹腐败行为后,她感到不得不向当局举报。
felt compelled 强调内心道德压力驱使;forced 更强调外力直接剥夺选择权
Q3翻译应用
用 force 翻译下面句子(可参考 writing_upgrade 字段的搭配):
经济压力迫使越来越多的年轻人推迟结婚和生育计划。
Economic pressures force an increasing number of young people to delay marriage and starting a family.
关键搭配:force ... to delay
force + 名词 + to do 是表示「外力迫使」的标准句式,比 make ... have to 更简洁