lean 来自古英语 hleonian(倾斜)。核心:「从垂直位置倾斜,靠向某物」,引申为「在观点或偏好上倾向于某一方」。义项一:身体/物体倾斜(lean against a wall);义项二:在观点或计划上倾向(lean towards a decision);义项三:形容词「精瘦的」(lean meat 瘦肉)。
释义
1
v.倾斜,倚靠(身体或物体)
She leaned against the window and watched the rain fall.
她倚着窗户,看着雨水落下。
2
v.倾向于,偏向(观点或选择)
The committee is leaning towards accepting the revised proposal.
委员会倾向于倾向于接受修订后的提案。
3
adj.精瘦的,无多余脂肪的
Athletes typically have a lean physique developed through years of training.
运动员通常拥有经过多年训练塑造的精瘦体型。
语感
lean = 重心偏过去了——身体倚靠,或思想/偏好倾斜
倾斜倚靠倾向于精瘦的
lean on sb. 有两个截然不同的意思:① 依靠某人(rely on):You can lean on me when things get tough(你可以依靠我);② 向某人施压(pressure sb.):The manager was leaning on employees to meet unrealistic targets(经理在向员工施压完成不现实的目标)。高考阅读中两个义项都会出现,需要根据上下文判断。
陷阱
⚠️lean on:依靠 vs. 施压——两个截然相反的意思
During the crisis, she leaned on her closest friends for emotional support.
✗
lean on 只有「向某人施压」的意思
✓
lean on 有两义:① 在情感/实际上依靠某人(积极);② 向某人施压(消极)。需要看语境:friends for support → 依靠;manager on employees for targets → 施压
危机期间,她依靠最亲近的朋友获得情感支持。(积极:依靠 → lean on)
⚠️lean 过去式:leaned(英美均可)或 leant(英式)
✗
He lean on the door and waited.
(时态错误)他靠在门上等待。
lean 有过去式:leaned(通用)或 leant(英式),不能用原形表示过去
✓
He leaned on the door and waited.
他靠在门上等待。
近义辨析
leanvstilt
lean身体或物体从垂直位置倾斜,或在观点上倾向tilt从直立状态偏转,多描述角度或方向上的倾斜
The toddler leaned forward to reach the toy on the table.
蹒跚学步的孩子向前倾身去够桌上的玩具。
The camera was tilted slightly to the left, making the photo look uneven.
相机向左稍微倾斜,使照片看起来不均匀。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:tend toprefer
立场观点类议论文政策讨论话题
普通
Most experts tend to prefer renewable energy solutions.
大多数专家倾向于偏好可再生能源解决方案。
加分 ✨
Most experts lean towards renewable energy solutions, arguing that long-term costs outweigh the initial investment.
大多数专家倾向于可再生能源解决方案,认为长期成本超过了初始投资。
为什么更好:lean towards 比 tend to prefer 更简洁,暗示「有据可依的倾向」,适合表达专家立场
常用搭配
lean against / on sth.倚靠在……上
lean towards / toward倾向于
lean on sb.依靠某人;向某人施压
lean forward / back身体前倾 / 后仰
lean meat / muscle瘦肉 / 精瘦肌肉
词根
lean = 比垂直多倒了一点——重心不在正中间,在往一边靠 = 倚靠、倾向
考考你
Q1义项辨析
下面四个句子中,lean on 的用法与其他三个不同的是:
A
He leaned on the fence and gazed at the horizon.
B
She always leans on her sister whenever she faces difficult decisions.
C
During his illness, he leaned on his family for daily support.
D
The boss was quietly leaning on the team to accept unpaid overtime.
Q2近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
After reviewing the evidence, the jury was ___ toward a not-guilty verdict.