refuse 的核心是意志的主动拒绝。无论是拒绝一个请求、拒绝一份礼物,还是拒绝执行某项任务,行动者都是主动的、有意识的。She refused the offer. 是她主动推开了那份邀请;He refused to leave. 是他主动撑住不走。
还有一个冷僻但考试偶见的名词用法:refuse(重音在前,/ˈrefjuːs/)= 垃圾、废弃物,书面语,相当于 garbage/waste。动词和名词的重音位置不同,这是唯一需要记住的区分点。
释义
1
v.拒绝(做某事);拒绝接受
She refused to answer any more questions.
她拒绝回答任何更多的问题。
2
n.垃圾;废弃物(书面语)
The city has introduced new rules for refuse collection.
该市出台了新的垃圾收集规定。
语感
refuse 是把门关上,不让对方进来
拒绝不肯推拒
refuse 的语感是主动的、直接的拒绝,没有商量余地。说 I refuse to do this,说话人态度明确、不留情面。相比之下,decline 更客气——I'm afraid I must decline your invitation. 是婉拒,有礼貌地推开;reject 更像把对方否定掉——The application was rejected. 是申请被打回,带有否定评价的意味。
refuse 在搭配上有一个铁律:后面接 to do,不接 doing。He refused to sign the contract. 对,He refused signing the contract. 错。这是高考最常考的语法陷阱。
陷阱
⚠️refuse 只接 to do
✗
She refused helping him with the homework.
她拒绝帮他做作业。(语法错误)
refuse 后面不接动名词 doing,只接 to do
✓
She refused to help him with the homework.
她拒绝帮他做作业。
⚠️refuse ≠ reject 用法区别
✗
The teacher refused his essay because it was plagiarized.