responsible 源自 respond（回应）→ responsible = 需要做出回应和答责的。核心义项：① 负责某事（be responsible for sth.）；② 有责任感的（品质描述）；③ 是…原因的（be responsible for a negative outcome）。注意：义项一（职责）与义项三（因果）共用 be responsible for，靠语境区分。名词 responsibility（责任）高频。
释义
1
adj.负责（某事）的（职责与义务）
The project manager is responsible for ensuring that all deadlines are met and the budget remains on track.
项目经理负责确保所有截止日期都能达到，且预算保持在正轨上。
2
adj.有责任感的，负责任的（品质）
Schools play a crucial role in helping young people grow into responsible and engaged members of society.
学校在帮助年轻人成长为有责任感的社会参与者方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
3
adj.是…原因的，导致（某结果）的
Human activity is widely regarded as being responsible for the dramatic rise in global temperatures over the past century.
人类活动被普遍认为是过去一个世纪全球气温大幅上升的主要原因。
语感
responsible = 这件事和你有关——你负责它，或者你造成了它
负责任的有责任感的是…原因的
be responsible for sth. / doing sth.（负责…；是…的原因）是核心句型，介词固定 for。hold sb. responsible for（让某人为…承担责任）常用于追责语境。名词 responsibility：take / accept responsibility（承担责任），a sense of responsibility（责任感）。义项三与义项一靠上下文区分：后接「职能」为义项一，后接「负面结果」为义项三。
陷阱
⚠️be responsible for：负责（义务）vs. 是…原因（因果）
The faulty wiring was responsible for the fire that destroyed the entire warehouse.
✗
responsible for = 有义务照管（职责义务）
✓
be responsible for 有两种语义：① 职责：be responsible for managing the project（负责管理项目）；② 因果：be responsible for the fire（是火灾的起因）。后接「负面结果」时为义项三，靠语境判断
有故障的电线是烧毁整个仓库那场火灾的起因。（responsible for = 是…的原因，非「负责管理」）
Each department head is responsible for managing their team's workload and overall performance.
每位部门主管负责管理其团队的工作量和整体绩效。
Elected officials must be held accountable for the decisions they make during their time in office.
民选官员必须为其在任期间所做的决策承担问责。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换：in charge ofcaused
环境话题议论文社会责任话题
普通
Humans caused a lot of the damage to the environment.
人类造成了大量的环境破坏。
加分 ✨
Individuals, corporations, and governments are equally responsible for addressing environmental degradation, each bearing distinct obligations towards future generations.
个人、企业和政府对解决环境恶化问题负有同等责任，各自承担着对后代的不同义务。
为什么更好：responsible for 比 caused 更书面，三主语并列（individuals, corporations, and governments）体现多层次论证结构，论点更有深度