✨ 语义深度解析
severe
高考核心词 作文加分词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
程度重且让人难受——严苛、剧烈、严峻,不留情面
释义
1
adj.严重的,剧烈的(程度上的严重)
The patient was admitted to hospital with severe chest pain and difficulty breathing.
患者因剧烈的胸痛和呼吸困难被送入医院。
2
adj.恶劣的,严峻的(气候、条件)
Severe winter storms disrupted transport links across the region for nearly two weeks.
恶劣的冬季风暴使整个地区的交通联系中断了近两周。
3
adj.严厉的,严酷的(惩罚、批评、人)
The judge imposed a severe sentence, citing the premeditated nature of the offence.
法官以犯罪的预谋性为由,判处了严厉的刑罚。
语感
severe = 压下来的重量——无论是疼痛、天气还是处罚,都重到让人难受
严重的剧烈的恶劣的严厉的
陷阱
⚠️severe vs. serious:程度重(负面压迫感)vs. 严重(重要性)
The company faces serious financial difficulties following the loss of its major client.
serious = severe(程度同等严重,可以互换)
serious(严重的,中性,强调「需要高度重视」,不一定有压迫感);severe(严重的,程度更极端,含压迫感和负面感受);financial difficulties 可以 serious(重要性层面)或 severe(程度极端),但 serious 更常见于描述「情况的重要性和紧迫性」;severe financial difficulties 语气更强烈
在失去主要客户后,该公司面临严峻的财务困难。(serious = 需要高度重视,比 severe 的压迫感弱)
⚠️severe vs. harsh:严厉(程度重)vs. 严酷苛刻(对人的态度)
The coach's harsh criticism of the young player's performance was seen as unnecessarily demoralising.
harsh = severe(都是「严厉的」,可以互换)
harsh(苛刻,严酷,多用于「对人态度过于严苛」);severe(严厉,程度极重,可用于 a severe critic,但更中性,不含「过分苛刻」的批评含义);harsh 常含负面的「过分、不公正」语义,severe 较中性
教练对这名年轻球员表现的苛刻批评被认为是不必要的打击士气。(harsh = 严酷过分,含「不公正」语义,非 severe 的中性严重)
近义辨析
severe vs serious
severe 严重的(程度重,含压迫感,负面倾向) serious 严重的(强调重要性和紧迫性,较中性)
The floods caused severe damage to the infrastructure, leaving thousands of households without clean water or electricity.
洪灾对基础设施造成了严重的破坏,使数千户家庭断水断电。
The outbreak raised serious concerns about the government's preparedness for future public health emergencies.
此次疫情引发了外界对政府应对未来公共卫生紧急事件准备程度的严重担忧
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:badbigvery serious
环境问题议论文社会问题话题
普通
Air pollution has very bad effects on people's health.
空气污染对人们的健康有很坏的影响。
加分 ✨
Prolonged exposure to air pollution causes severe respiratory damage, disproportionately affecting children and the elderly who are least able to protect themselves.
长期暴露于空气污染会造成严重的呼吸道损伤,对最无力自我保护的儿童和老人影响尤为不成比例。
常用搭配
severe damage / injury / pain严重损坏 / 伤害 / 疼痛
severe weather / storm / drought恶劣天气 / 风暴 / 干旱
a severe penalty / punishment / sentence严厉的处罚 / 惩罚 / 判决
severely affected / damaged受到严重影响 / 损坏
a severe shortage / lack严重短缺
词根
severe = 联想 severed(切断的)→ 痛到「切断」感 = 严重,剧烈
考考你
Q1近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
The government acknowledged that the data breach had raised ___ concerns about the security of citizens' personal information.
Asevere
Bserious
✓ 政府承认,此次数据泄露事件引发了外界对公民个人信息安全性的严重担忧
raise serious concerns(引发严重担忧)是固定书面搭配,serious 强调「需要高度重视的重要性」;severe concerns 语法可行但不常见,severe 更多用于 severe damage/pain/punishment 等有明确「压迫感」的名词
Q2对错判断
判断下面句子里 severe 的用法是否正确:
The athlete suffered a severe knee injury during training that required immediate surgery.
a severe injury(严重伤害)是正确搭配,severe 表示程度极重且造成显著影响,此处语义正确
Q3翻译应用
用 severe 翻译下面句子(可参考 writing_upgrade 字段的搭配):
全球变暖正导致越来越频繁的极端天气事件,对农业生产和粮食供应造成严重影响。
Global warming is causing increasingly frequent extreme weather events, having a severe impact on agricultural production and food supplies.
关键搭配:a severe impact on agricultural production
a severe impact on(对…造成严重影响)是议论文描述气候变化后果的核心书面表达,比 bad effects 更精准有力
接着学
点击进入该词的深度解析