struggle · 语义深度解析

核心

费力地挣扎着推进——有阻力，有困难，但仍在坚持

struggle 来自古挪威语 strúgr（争斗，挣扎）。核心义项：① 动词：挣扎，费力（struggle to do sth. = 费力地做某事，困难但在坚持）；② 动词：斗争，奋斗（struggle against / for = 为…斗争）；③ 名词：挣扎，斗争（the struggle for equality）。关键语义：struggle 含「有阻力但仍在努力」的核心感——不是轻松，也没有放弃。区别：struggle（困难中挣扎但在坚持）vs. fight（战斗，抵抗，对抗，更强烈）vs. try hard（努力尝试，不一定有阻力）。

释义

1

v.挣扎，费力（struggle to do sth.，因困难而努力）

Many first-generation university students struggle to balance academic demands with part-time work and family responsibilities.

许多第一代大学生费力地在学业要求、兼职工作和家庭责任之间寻求平衡。

2

v.斗争，奋斗（struggle for / against，为某目标或对抗某事）

Generations of activists struggled for decades before basic civil rights were finally recognised in law.

几代活动人士斗争了数十年，基本公民权利才最终在法律上得到承认。

3

n.挣扎，斗争，艰苦奋斗

The documentary chronicles the struggle of ordinary families to maintain their standard of living during the economic crisis.

这部纪录片记录了普通家庭在经济危机期间艰难维持生活水平的挣扎。

语感

struggle = 前方有阻力，但脚没停——挣扎着但没放弃

挣扎费力斗争奋斗艰苦奋斗（名词）

核心句型：struggle to do sth.（费力做某事，努力但困难）；struggle with sth.（与某事物苦苦周旋，如 struggle with anxiety = 与焦虑抗争）；struggle for / against（为…奋斗/对抗…）。名词：a struggle to do sth.（做某事是一种挣扎）；the struggle for...（为…的斗争，如 the struggle for equality/survival）。注意：struggle 含「有阻力」的隐含语义，如果没有阻力则用 try，不用 struggle。

陷阱

⚠️struggle to vs. try to：有阻力 vs. 一般尝试

She struggled to make herself heard above the noise of the crowd.

✗

struggled = tried（尝试，可以互换）

✓

struggle to（挣扎着，有困难和阻力——人多嘈杂，让人听到很费力）；try to（尝试，中性，不含「有阻力」的语义）；此处噪音是阻力，struggle 更精准传达「费力」

她费力地让自己的声音在人群噪音中被听到。（struggle = 有阻力的费力尝试，非中性的 try）

⚠️struggle with vs. struggle against：周旋挣扎 vs. 对抗反对

Many teenagers struggle with low self-esteem during adolescence.

✗

struggle with = struggle against（对抗，可以互换）

✓

struggle with（与某问题/情绪/困难周旋，难以摆脱——低自尊是内部的挣扎）；struggle against（对抗某个外部力量或对手——如 struggle against oppression = 对抗压迫）；内部困扰用 with，外部对手用 against

许多青少年在青春期时与低自尊苦苦周旋。（struggle with = 难以摆脱的内部挣扎，非 against 的「对抗外部力量」）

近义辨析

struggle vs strive

struggle 努力奋斗（struggle to do，有困难仍在坚持） strive 奋力追求（书面正式，含「坚定追求某目标」之意，不强调阻力，强调主动向往）

Many families in the region still struggle to afford basic necessities such as food, clean water, and healthcare.

该地区许多家庭仍然费力地负担食物、清洁水和医疗保健等基本生活必需品。

Young entrepreneurs are encouraged to strive for innovation rather than simply replicating existing business models.

鼓励年轻创业者努力追求创新，而非简单复制现有商业模式。

写作加分

✨ 加分词

替换：find it hard tohave difficulty

社会弱势群体话题教育机会议论文

普通

Many young people find it hard to get a job after graduation.

许多年轻人毕业后很难找到工作。

加分 ✨

Many graduates struggle to secure stable employment in an increasingly competitive labour market, despite years of investment in their education.

许多毕业生尽管在教育上投入了多年，却难以在日益竞争激烈的劳动力市场中获得稳定就业。

为什么更好：struggle to secure 比 find it hard to get 更书面，含「有阻力仍在努力」的语义，配合让步状语 despite years of investment，论证的说服力和同情感更强

常用搭配

struggle to do sth.费力地做某事（有阻力但在坚持）

struggle with sth.与某困难/情绪苦苦周旋

struggle for / against为…奋斗 / 对抗…

the struggle for equality / survival为平等 / 生存的斗争

an uphill struggle艰苦奋斗，困难重重（比喻爬坡，形容困难任务）

词根

struggle = 手脚都在动（strug-gle 的双 g 感觉费力）→ 费力挣扎前进

考考你

Q1对错判断

判断下面句子里的用法是否正确：

The local council has been struggling against rising homelessness for years, introducing numerous housing schemes with limited success.

✓ 正确版本

The local council has been struggling with rising homelessness for years, introducing numerous housing schemes with limited success.

当地议会多年来一直在应对不断上升的无家可归问题，推出了众多住房计划，但成效有限。

无家可归问题是议会需要「周旋应对」的内部挑战，用 struggle with（苦苦应对某问题）；struggle against 用于「对抗某个外部力量或对手」，此处不适合

Q2近义选词

选择最恰当的词填空：

All employees are encouraged to ___ for continuous professional improvement, setting personal development goals at the start of each year.

Astruggle

Bstrive

✓ 鼓励所有员工努力追求持续的职业提升，每年年初设定个人发展目标。

strive for（奋力追求目标）书面正式，含积极向往之意；struggle 含「有阻力」的语义，这里是积极正面的职业发展追求，无阻力挣扎含义，strive 更合适

Q3翻译应用

用 struggle 翻译下面句子（可参考 writing_upgrade 字段的搭配）：

在许多低收入国家，农村家庭费尽努力才能让孩子接受中学教育，地理和经济障碍是主要原因。

In many low-income countries, rural families struggle to provide their children with secondary education, with geographical and financial barriers as the primary obstacles.

关键搭配：struggle to provide their children with secondary education

struggle to provide（费力维持/提供）是议论文描述弱势群体困境的核心书面表达，with...as the primary obstacles 补充原因说明

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