✨ 语义深度解析
sustain
高考核心词 作文加分词 难度 2/5 ⏱ 3 分钟
核心
在时间轴上把它托住——不只是有,而是持续维持下去
释义
1
v.维持,维系(长期持续)
Building trust is relatively easy, but it takes consistent effort to sustain it over the long term.
建立信任相对容易,但长期维系它需要持续不断的努力。
2
v.承受,遭受(损伤、损失——正式用语)
Several buildings in the area sustained structural damage during the earthquake.
该地区数栋建筑在地震中遭受了结构性损坏。
3
v.维持(生命、运作)
The rainforest ecosystem sustains an extraordinary diversity of plant and animal life.
雨林生态系统维持着极其丰富的动植物多样性。
语感
sustain = 一直托在那里,不让它掉——维持、承受、支撑,都是「持续在那里」
维持维系承受(正式)支撑
陷阱
⚠️sustain vs. maintain:长期持续 vs. 保持水平
The government has struggled to maintain economic growth at a consistent rate of over three percent annually.
maintain = sustain(维持,可以互换)
maintain(维持某一水平,强调「保持不变或保持在某标准」——维持3%增长率的稳定水平);sustain(长期持续维系,强调「时间上持续不中断」);两词相近但 maintain 更强调「保持某个数值或标准」,sustain 更强调「持续性」
政府一直难以将经济增长维持在每年稳定超过3%的水平。(maintain = 保持某一稳定水平,比 sustain 更强调具体数值的稳定性)
⚠️sustain an injury(正式表达,不是 get injured)
The player sustained a serious knee injury during the final match of the season.
sustained an injury = suffered an injury(都是「遭受伤害」,但 sustain 只是比 suffer 更正式)
sustain an injury(正式书面语,常见于新闻报道、法律、医疗报告);suffer an injury 也正确,但 sustain 更书面。注意:sustain 此义项与「维持」义项在形式上相同,靠宾语区分
该球员在本赛季最后一场比赛中遭受了严重的膝盖伤。(sustain an injury = 正式书面语,遭受伤害)
近义辨析
sustain vs maintain
sustain 维持,维系(强调长期持续性,不让它停下来) maintain 维持(强调保持某一水平或状态不变)
The country has managed to sustain impressive economic growth over three consecutive decades despite significant regional instability.
尽管面临严峻的地区不稳定,该国在连续三十年间成功维系了令人印象深刻的经济增长。
Schools must work hard to maintain consistent academic standards across all year groups and subject areas.
学校必须努力在所有年级和学科领域维持一致的学术标准。
写作加分
✨ 加分词
替换:keepcontinuemaintain
环境可持续发展议论文经济增长话题
普通
We need to keep economic growth going without harming the environment.
我们需要在不损害环境的情况下保持经济增长。
加分 ✨
Governments must adopt policies that sustain economic growth while simultaneously protecting natural ecosystems and reducing carbon emissions.
政府必须采取既能维系经济增长,又能同时保护自然生态系统并减少碳排放的政策。
常用搭配
sustain growth / momentum / interest维持增长 / 势头 / 兴趣
sustain an injury / damage / loss遭受伤害 / 损坏 / 损失(正式)
sustainable development可持续发展(高频固定搭配)
sustainable energy / agriculture可持续能源 / 农业
sustain life / a population维持生命 / 一个种群
词根
sustain = sub(在下面)+ tain(持有)→ 在下面持续托住 = 维持,维系
考考你
Q1近义选词
选择最恰当的词填空:
The organisation has a strict policy to ___ the highest possible ethical standards in all its research and business dealings.
Asustain
Bmaintain
✓ 该组织有严格政策,以在所有研究和业务往来中维持尽可能高的道德标准。
maintain the highest standards(维持最高标准)强调「保持某一具体标准不降低」;sustain 更强调「持续性」,不与 standards(标准水平)固定搭配
Q2对错判断
判断下面句子里的用法是否正确:
The marine biologist warned that current fishing practices are unsustainable and will eventually deplete fish stocks beyond recovery.
unsustainable(不可持续的,un + sustainable)是正确形式,此处描述捕鱼方式无法长期维持而不导致资源耗尽,用法正确
Q3翻译应用
用 sustain 翻译下面句子(可参考 writing_upgrade 字段的搭配):
真正的可持续发展必须在满足当代人需求的同时,不损害后代满足自身需求的能力。
Genuine sustainable development must meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own.
关键搭配:sustainable development
sustainable development(可持续发展)是高考和议论文最高频固定搭配,此句化用了布伦特兰委员会的经典定义,是议论文引证的标准表述
接着学
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